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Relative numerosity discrimination in primates
Moravcová, Anna ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
This work is focused on numerical competence in primates specifically focusing on relative numerosity, one of the many aspects of these cognitive abilities. Relative numerosity is an ability to discriminate a larger quantity from a smaller amount or smaller quantity from a larger amount and could be classified as one of the easiest numerical competence. In this work I have summarized the present knowledge of numerical competences in primates, which have been so far studied only in a few species of primates, most of them was rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). In the experimental part I focused on the research of relative numerosity in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The goal of my work was to find out whether macaques are able to solve the problem of relative abundance with different types of stimuli. Another goal was to find out whether they are able to generalize information about relative abundance and whether they can apply it for new design of the task. The results confirm that macaques possess the ability of relative numerosity and are able to abstract stimuli that are differing in their character. This proves that they are not learning to recognize a particular stimul, but are able to use this numerical skill on any type of stimul. I also found out that...
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Relative numerosity discrimination in primates
Moravcová, Anna ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
This work is focused on numerical competence in primates specifically focusing on relative numerosity, one of the many aspects of these cognitive abilities. Relative numerosity is an ability to discriminate a larger quantity from a smaller amount or smaller quantity from a larger amount and could be classified as one of the easiest numerical competence. In this work I have summarized the present knowledge of numerical competences in primates, which have been so far studied only in a few species of primates, most of them was rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). In the experimental part I focused on the research of relative numerosity in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The goal of my work was to find out whether macaques are able to solve the problem of relative abundance with different types of stimuli. Another goal was to find out whether they are able to generalize information about relative abundance and whether they can apply it for new design of the task. The results confirm that macaques possess the ability of relative numerosity and are able to abstract stimuli that are differing in their character. This proves that they are not learning to recognize a particular stimul, but are able to use this numerical skill on any type of stimul. I also found out that...
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Numerical competence in animals
Kolbábková, Denisa ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
Numerical competence is a cognitive ability, which enables using number or determining quantity. It contains not only counting, but also lower cognitive abilities such as summation or relative numerousness. Not only people, but also many animals can use knowledge about quantity in some way. This competence is common crosswise the whole animal kingdom, from invertebrate animals (ants or honeybees), across amphibians and fish to birds and mammals. This bachelor's thesis summarizes the research of numerical competence up to nowadays, it describes also different designs of individual tasks and compares the abilities of animals and people. Based on the evolution of numerical competence of mankind is evident that numerical competence has developed progressively and its difficulness increases. In order the previous I postulate a hypothesis that this difficultness could reflect in a phylogeny. In the end of this thesis thus I am devoted to a phylogenetic reconstruction estimate of the ancestral character status in mammals (primates) and I test wheather ecological factors such as the sociality degree and the food extraction progressed simultaneously with the numerical competence. Keywords: numerical competence, summation, relative and absolute numerousness judgement, ordinality, transitivity, conservation...
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